As a building system, the characteristics of telescopic canopy structure mainly depend on its unique shape and its own performance. Because of its particularity, it can create some difficult things that cannot be realized by traditional building materials.

伸縮蓬結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)主要包括四個(gè)問(wèn)題:形狀設(shè)計(jì)、初始平衡形狀分析、載荷分析和切割分析。通過(guò)造型設(shè)計(jì)，確定了建筑的平面形狀尺寸、三維造型和凈空體積，確定了各控制點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)和結(jié)構(gòu)形式，選定了膜材料和施工方案。初始平衡形狀分析稱(chēng)為找形分析。

The design of telescopic roof structure mainly includes four problems: shape design, initial equilibrium shape analysis, load analysis and cutting analysis. Through the modeling design, the plane shape and size, three-dimensional modeling and clearance volume of the building are determined, the coordinates and structural form of each control point are determined, and the membrane material and construction scheme are selected. Initial equilibrium shape analysis is called form finding analysis.

由于材料本身沒(méi)有壓縮和彎曲剛度，抗剪強(qiáng)度很差，其剛度和穩(wěn)定性需要通過(guò)膜面曲率的變化和預(yù)應(yīng)力來(lái)提高。對(duì)于膜結(jié)構(gòu)而言，任何時(shí)候都不存在無(wú)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，因此膜面形狀須在一定的邊界條件和一定的預(yù)應(yīng)力條件下滿足機(jī)械平衡，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行荷載分析和剪切分析。

Because the material itself has no compression and bending stiffness and poor shear strength, its stiffness and stability need to be improved by the change of membrane surface curvature and prestress. For membrane structures, there is no stress free state at any time. Therefore, the shape of membrane surface must meet the mechanical balance under certain boundary conditions and certain prestress conditions, and the load analysis and shear analysis are carried out on this basis.

目前伸縮蓬結(jié)構(gòu)的找形分析方法主要有動(dòng)力松法、力密度法和有限元法。伸縮蓬結(jié)構(gòu)所考慮的荷載一般為風(fēng)荷載和雪荷載。膜材料在荷載作用下變形較大，荷載分布也隨著形狀的變化而變化。因此，要計(jì)算結(jié)構(gòu)的變形和應(yīng)力，須采用幾何非線性方法。荷載分析的另一個(gè)目的是確定索和膜的初始預(yù)緊力。

At present, the shape finding analysis methods of telescopic roof structure mainly include dynamic loosening method, force density method and finite element method. The loads considered by the expansion canopy structure are generally wind load and snow load. The membrane material deforms greatly under load, and the load distribution changes with the change of shape. Therefore, the geometric nonlinear method must be used to calculate the deformation and stress of the structure. Another purpose of load analysis is to determine the initial preload of cable and membrane.

外部荷載的作用下,應(yīng)力在一個(gè)方向上增加膜和在另一個(gè)方向的應(yīng)力減少,這要求初始張應(yīng)力的程度應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣壓力不會(huì)減少到零在不利的荷載,也就是說(shuō),不會(huì)有皺紋。由于膜材料相對(duì)較軟，自振頻率很低，在風(fēng)荷載的作用下很容易產(chǎn)生風(fēng)振，導(dǎo)致膜材料損壞。如果初始預(yù)應(yīng)力施加過(guò)高，則膜材的涂膜量會(huì)增加，容易老化，強(qiáng)度儲(chǔ)備不足。對(duì)受力構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度要求也很高，增加了施工和安裝的難度。

Under the action of external load, the stress increases in one direction and decreases in the other direction, which requires that the degree of initial tensile stress should be such that the pressure will not be reduced to zero under adverse load, that is, there will be no wrinkles. Because the membrane material is relatively soft and the natural vibration frequency is very low, it is easy to produce wind vibration under the action of wind load, resulting in the damage of membrane material. If the initial prestress is applied too high, the coating amount of membrane material will increase, it is easy to age and the strength reserve is insufficient. The strength requirements of stressed components are also very high, which increases the difficulty of construction and installation.

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